Golang执行命令指南：os/exec全解析

package main

import (
    "log"
    "os/exec"
)

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-l")
    err := cmd.Run()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("命令执行失败: %v", err)
    }
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os/exec"
)

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("echo", "Hello, Go!")
    output, err := cmd.Output()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("命令出错: %v", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("输出: %s", output)
}

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "log"
    "os/exec"
)

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("grep", "hello")
    
    // 提供输入
    cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewBufferString("hello world\ngoodbye world")
    
    // 捕获输出和错误
    var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
    cmd.Stdout = &stdout
    cmd.Stderr = &stderr

    err := cmd.Run()
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("命令失败: %v", err)
    }

    log.Printf("标准输出: %s", stdout.String())
    log.Printf("标准错误: %s", stderr.String())
}

cmd := exec.Command("printenv", "MY_VAR")
cmd.Env = []string{"MY_VAR=hello_from_go"}
output, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", output) // 输出: hello_from_go