Java如何处理SQLException异常？

import java.sql.*;
public class JdbcExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
    try {
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb", "user", "password");
        stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users");

        while (rs.next()) {
            System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        System.err.println("数据库操作出错：" + e.getMessage());
        System.err.println("SQL状态码：" + e.getSQLState());
        System.err.println("错误码：" + e.getErrorCode());
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (stmt != null) {
            try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { /* 忽略或记录 */ }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { /* 忽略或记录 */ }
        }
    }
}
}

} catch (SQLException e) {
    while (e != null) {
        System.err.println("错误信息: " + e.getMessage());
        System.err.println("SQL状态: " + e.getSQLState());
        System.err.println("错误码: " + e.getErrorCode());
    if (e.getErrorCode() == 1045) {
        System.err.println("可能是用户名或密码错误。");
    }

    e = e.getNextException(); // 处理下一个异常
}
}

try (
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb", "user", "password");
    Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users")
) {
    while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
    }
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.err.println("执行查询失败：" + e.getMessage());
    // 可根据需要记录日志或提示用户
}