Java全局异常统一处理方法详解

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ResponseEntity handleNullPointer(NullPointerException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                .body("发生了空指针异常：" + e.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ResponseEntity handleIllegalArgument(IllegalArgumentException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                .body("参数错误：" + e.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity> handleGeneralException(Exception e) {
        Map response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("error", "服务器内部错误");
        response.put("message", e.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(response);
    }
}

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    public BusinessException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

if (user == null) {
    throw new BusinessException("用户不存在");
}

@ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
public ResponseEntity> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
    Map response = new HashMap<>();
    response.put("error", "业务异常");
    response.put("message", e.getMessage());
    return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(response);
}

@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, reason = "用户未找到")
public class UserNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public UserNotFoundException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}