结构体嵌套与组合实现方式解析

type Address struct {
    City  string
    State string
}

type Person struct {
    Name    string
    Age     int
    Addr    Address  // 嵌套结构体
}

p := Person{
    Name: "Alice",
    Age:  30,
    Addr: Address{
        City:  "Beijing",
        State: "China",
    },
}
fmt.Println(p.Addr.City) // 输出: Beijing

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func (p Person) Speak() {
    fmt.Printf("Hello, I'm %s\n", p.Name)
}

type Employee struct {
    Person  // 匿名字段，实现组合
    Salary float64
    Dept   string
}

e := Employee{
    Person: Person{Name: "Bob", Age: 25},
    Salary: 8000,
    Dept:   "Engineering",
}
fmt.Println(e.Name)    // 直接访问，无需 e.Person.Name
e.Speak()              // 直接调用 Person 的方法

type A struct {
    X int
}

type B struct {
    X int
}

type C struct {
    A
    B
}

c := C{A: A{X: 1}, B: B{X: 2}}
// fmt.Println(c.X) // 错误：歧义
fmt.Println(c.A.X) // 正确：显式指定
fmt.Println(c.B.X) // 正确：显式指定