Golang配置Docker环境教程详解

• 更新包索引：sudo apt update
• 安装依赖：sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
• 添加Docker官方GPG密钥：curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
• 添加仓库源：echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
• 安装Docker：sudo apt update && sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
• 安装Docker Compose：sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
• 将当前用户加入docker组避免使用sudo：sudo usermod -aG docker $USER（需重新登录）

• 下载并安装 Docker Desktop：访问 https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop
• Docker Desktop 已包含 Docker Engine、CLI 和 Compose，安装后即可使用

# 使用官方Golang镜像作为基础镜像
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder
# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 拷贝go.mod和go.sum（如果存在）以利用缓存
COPY go.mod ./
COPY go.sum ./

RUN go mod download
# 拷贝源代码
COPY . .
# 构建二进制文件
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o main .
# 最终阶段：使用轻量级镜像运行
FROM alpine:latest
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
WORKDIR /root/
# 从构建阶段拷贝二进制文件
COPY --from=builder /app/main .
# 暴露端口（根据实际服务调整）
EXPOSE 8080
# 启动命令
CMD ["./main"]

version: '3.8'
services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - DB_HOST=db
      - DB_PORT=5432
    depends_on:
      - db
db:
image: postgres:15
environment:
POSTGRES_DB: myapp
POSTGRES_USER: user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
ports:

• "5432:5432" volumes:
• postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes: postgres_data:

• 在Dockerfile中添加air用于热重载（仅开发环境）：

RUN go install github.com/cosmtrek/air@latest

command: air -c .air.toml

volumes:
  - .:/app
  - /app/bin
  - /app/vendor