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对包含命名空间 xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi 的 XML 进行正确编组和解组

来源：stackoverflow 2024-02-05 21:25:10 0浏览收藏

今日不肯埋头，明日何以抬头！每日一句努力自己的话哈哈~哈喽，今天我将给大家带来一篇《对包含命名空间 xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi 的 XML 进行正确编组和解组》，主要内容是讲解等等，感兴趣的朋友可以收藏或者有更好的建议在评论提出，我都会认真看的！大家一起进步，一起学习！

问题内容

我正在尝试处理 windows autounattend.xml 文件的读取和写入，以便创建和修改它们。我无法正确封送和解封 xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi 属性。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
    <settings pass="windowspe">
        <component name="microsoft-windows-international-core-winpe" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <setupuilanguage>
                <uilanguage>en-us</uilanguage>
            </setupuilanguage>
            <inputlocale>0409:00000409</inputlocale>
            <systemlocale>en-us</systemlocale>
            <uilanguage>en-us</uilanguage>
            <uilanguagefallback>en-us</uilanguagefallback>
            <userlocale>en-us</userlocale>
        </component>
        <component name="microsoft-windows-setup" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <diskconfiguration>
                <disk wcm:action="add">
                    <diskid>0</diskid>
                    <willwipedisk>true</willwipedisk>
                    <createpartitions>
                        <!-- windows re tools partition -->
                        <createpartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>1</order>
                            <type>primary</type>
                            <size>300</size>
                        </createpartition>
                        <!-- system partition (esp) -->
                        <createpartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>2</order>
                            <type>efi</type>
                            <size>100</size>
                        </createpartition>
                        <!-- microsoft reserved partition (msr) -->
                        <createpartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>3</order>
                            <type>msr</type>
                            <size>128</size>
                        </createpartition>
                        <!-- windows partition -->
                        <createpartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>4</order>
                            <type>primary</type>
                            <extend>true</extend>
                        </createpartition>
                    </createpartitions>
                    <modifypartitions>
                        <modifypartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>1</order>
                            <partitionid>1</partitionid>
                            <label>winre</label>
                            <format>ntfs</format>
                            <typeid>de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac</typeid>
                        </modifypartition>
                        <modifypartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>2</order>
                            <partitionid>2</partitionid>
                            <label>system</label>
                            <format>fat32</format>
                        </modifypartition>
                        <modifypartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>3</order>
                            <partitionid>3</partitionid>
                        </modifypartition>
                        <modifypartition wcm:action="add">
                            <order>4</order>
                            <partitionid>4</partitionid>
                            <label>windows</label>
                            <letter>c</letter>
                            <format>ntfs</format>
                        </modifypartition>
                    </modifypartitions>
                </disk>
            </diskconfiguration>
            <imageinstall>
                <osimage>
                    <installto>
                        <diskid>0</diskid>
                        <partitionid>4</partitionid>
                    </installto>
                    <installtoavailablepartition>false</installtoavailablepartition>
                </osimage>
            </imageinstall>
            <userdata>
                <productkey>
                    <key></key>
                    <willshowui>never</willshowui>
                </productkey>
                <accepteula>true</accepteula>
                <fullname>admin</fullname>
                <organization></organization>
            </userdata>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="offlineservicing">
        <component name="microsoft-windows-lua-settings" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <enablelua>false</enablelua>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="generalize">
        <component name="microsoft-windows-security-spp" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <skiprearm>1</skiprearm>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="specialize">
        <component name="microsoft-windows-international-core" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <inputlocale>0409:00000409</inputlocale>
            <systemlocale>en-us</systemlocale>
            <uilanguage>en-us</uilanguage>
            <uilanguagefallback>en-us</uilanguagefallback>
            <userlocale>en-us</userlocale>
        </component>
        <component name="microsoft-windows-security-spp-ux" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <skipautoactivation>true</skipautoactivation>
        </component>
        <component name="microsoft-windows-sqmapi" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <ceipenabled>0</ceipenabled>
        </component>
        <component name="microsoft-windows-shell-setup" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <computername>-pc</computername>
            <productkey></productkey>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="oobesystem">
        <component name="microsoft-windows-shell-setup" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
            <autologon>
                <password>
                    <value></value>
                    <plaintext>true</plaintext>
                </password>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
                <username>admin</username>
            </autologon>
            <oobe>
                <hideeulapage>true</hideeulapage>
                <hideoemregistrationscreen>true</hideoemregistrationscreen>
                <hideonlineaccountscreens>true</hideonlineaccountscreens>
                <hidewirelesssetupinoobe>true</hidewirelesssetupinoobe>
                <networklocation>home</networklocation>
                <skipuseroobe>true</skipuseroobe>
                <skipmachineoobe>true</skipmachineoobe>
                <protectyourpc>1</protectyourpc>
            </oobe>
            <useraccounts>
                <localaccounts>
                    <localaccount wcm:action="add">
                        <password>
                            <value></value>
                            <plaintext>true</plaintext>
                        </password>
                        <description></description>
                        <displayname>admin</displayname>
                        <group>administrators</group>
                        <name>admin</name>
                    </localaccount>
                </localaccounts>
            </useraccounts>
            <registeredorganization></registeredorganization>
            <registeredowner>admin</registeredowner>
            <disableautodaylighttimeset>false</disableautodaylighttimeset>
            <firstlogoncommands>
                <synchronouscommand wcm:action="add">
                    <description>control panel view</description>
                    <order>1</order>
                    <commandline>reg add "hkey_current_user\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\explorer\controlpanel" /v startuppage /t reg_dword /d 1 /f</commandline>
                    <requiresuserinput>true</requiresuserinput>
                </synchronouscommand>
                <synchronouscommand wcm:action="add">
                    <order>2</order>
                    <description>control panel icon size</description>
                    <requiresuserinput>false</requiresuserinput>
                    <commandline>reg add "hkey_current_user\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\explorer\controlpanel" /v allitemsiconview /t reg_dword /d 0 /f</commandline>
                </synchronouscommand>
                <synchronouscommand wcm:action="add">
                    <order>3</order>
                    <requiresuserinput>false</requiresuserinput>
                    <commandline>cmd /c wmic useraccount where name="admin" set passwordexpires=false</commandline>
                    <description>password never expires</description>
                </synchronouscommand>
            </firstlogoncommands>
            <timezone>central standard time</timezone>
        </component>
    </settings>
</unattend>

我尝试使用 xml.name、xml.attr 和字符串，但没有成功

const (
    // A generic XML header suitable for use with the output of Marshal.
    Header = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>` + "\n"
    WCM    = `http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State`
    XSI    = `http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance`
)

type UserData struct {
    AcceptEula   bool   `xml:"AcceptEula"`
    FullName     string `xml:"FullName"`
    Organization string `xml:"Organization"`
    ProductKey   struct {
        Key        string `xml:"Key"`
        WillShowUI string `xml:"WillShowUI"`
    } `xml:"ProductKey"`
}

type OSImage struct {
    XMLName                     xml.Name `xml:"OSImage"`
    InstallToAvailablePartition bool     `xml:"InstallToAvailablePartition"`
    InstallToDiskID             uint32   `xml:"InstallTo>DiskID"`
    InstallToPatitionID         uint32   `xml:"InstallTo>ParitionID"`
}

type ImageInstall struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"ImageInstall"`
    OSImage OSImage  `xml:"OSImage"`
}

type CreatePartition struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"CreatePartition"`
    Order   uint32   `xml:"Order"`
    Type    string   `xml:"Type"`
    Size    uint64   `xml:"Size,omitempty"`
    Extend  bool     `xml:"Extend,omitempty"`
    Action  xml.Attr `xml:"action,attr"`
}
type ModifyPartition struct {
    XMLName     xml.Name `xml:"ModifyPartition"`
    Order       uint32   `xml:"Order"`
    PartitionID uint32   `xml:"PartitionID"`
    Label       string   `xml:"Label,omitempty"`
    Format      string   `xml:"Format,omitempty"`
    TypeID      string   `xml:"TypeID,omitempty"`
    Letter      string   `xml:"Letter,omitempty"`
    Action      xml.Attr `xml:"action,attr"`
}
type Disk struct {
    XMLName          xml.Name           `xml:"Disk"`
    Action           xml.Attr           `xml:"action,attr"`
    DiskID           uint32             `xml:"DiskID"`
    WillWipeDisk     bool               `xml:"WillWipeDisk"`
    CreatePartitions []*CreatePartition `xml:"CreatePartitions>."`
    ModifyPartitions []*ModifyPartition `xml:"ModifyPartitions>."`
}

type DiskConfiguration struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"DiskConfiguration"`
    Disks   []*Disk  `xml:"Disk"`
}

type SetupUILanguage struct {
    XMLName    xml.Name    `xml:"SetupUILanguage"`
    UILanguage *UILanguage `xml:"UILanguage"`
}

type UserLocale struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"UserLocale"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type InputLocale struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"InputLocale"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type SystemLocale struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"SystemLocale"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type UILanguage struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"UILanguage"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type UILanguageFallback struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"UILanguageFallback"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type EnableLUA struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"EnableLUA"`
    Value   bool     `xml:",chardata"`
}

type SkipRearm struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"SkipRearm"`
    Value   int32    `xml:",chardata"`
}

type SkipAutoActivation struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"SkipAutoActivation"`
    Value   bool     `xml:",chardata"`
}
type CEIPEnabled struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"CEIPEnabled"`
    Value   int32    `xml:",chardata"`
}
type ComputerName struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"ComputerName"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}
type ProductKey struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"ProductKey"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type Password struct {
    XMLName   xml.Name `xml:"Password"`
    Value     string   `xml:"Value"`
    PlainText bool     `xml:"PlainText"`
}

type AutoLogon struct {
    XMLName  xml.Name `xml:"AutoLogon"`
    Enabled  bool     `xml:"Enabled"`
    Username string   `xml:"Username"`
    Password Password `xml:"Password"`
}

type OOBE struct {
    XMLName                   xml.Name `xml:"OOBE"`
    HideEULAPage              bool     `xml:"HideEULAPage,omitempty"`
    HideOEMRegistrationScreen bool     `xml:"HideOEMRegistrationScreen,omitempty"`
    HideOnlineAccountScreens  bool     `xml:"HideOnlineAccountScreens,omitempty"`
    HideWirelessSetupInOOBE   bool     `xml:"HideWirelessSetupInOOBE,omitempty"`
    NetworkLocation           string   `xml:"NetworkLocation,omitempty"`
    SkipUserOOBE              bool     `xml:"SkipUserOOBE,omitempty"`
    SkipMachineOOBE           bool     `xml:"SkipMachineOOBE,omitempty"`
    ProtectYourPC             int32    `xml:"ProtectYourPC,omitempty"`
}

type LocalAccount struct {
    XMLName     xml.Name `xml:"LocalAccount"`
    Action      xml.Attr `xml:"action,attr"`
    Password    Password `xml:"Password"`
    Description string   `xml:"Description"`
    DisplayName string   `xml:"DisplayName"`
    Group       string   `xml:"Group"`
    Name        string   `xml:"Name"`
}

type LocalAccounts struct {
    XMLName      xml.Name
    LocalAccount []*LocalAccount `xml:"LocalAccount"`
}

type UserAccounts struct {
    XMLName       xml.Name      `xml:"UserAccounts"`
    LocalAccounts LocalAccounts `xml:"LocalAccounts"`
}

type RegisteredOrganization struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"RegisteredOrganization"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}
type RegisteredOwner struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"RegisteredOwner"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}
type DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet"`
    Value   bool     `xml:",chardata"`
}

type CommandLine struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"CommandLine"`
    Value   string   `xml:",innerxml"`
}

type SynchronousCommand struct {
    XMLName           xml.Name    `xml:"SynchronousCommand"`
    Order             uint32      `xml:"Order"`
    Description       string      `xml:"Description"`
    RequiresUserInput bool        `xml:"RequiresUserInput"`
    CommandLine       CommandLine `xml:"CommandLine"`
}

type FirstLogonCommands struct {
    XMLName            xml.Name              `xml:"FirstLogonCommands"`
    SynchronousCommand []*SynchronousCommand `xml:"SynchronousCommand"`
}
type TimeZone struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"TimeZone"`
    Value   string   `xml:",chardata"`
}

type Component struct {
    XMLName               xml.Name `xml:"component"`
    Name                  string   `xml:"name,attr"`
    ProcessorArchitecture string   `xml:"processorArchitecture,attr"`
    PublicKeyToken        string   `xml:"publicKeyToken,attr"`
    Language              string   `xml:"language,attr"`
    VersionScope          string   `xml:"versionScope,attr"`
    // optional compontents
    SetupUILanguage            *SetupUILanguage            `xml:"SetupUILanguage"`
    UserLocale                 *UserLocale                 `xml:"UserLocale"`
    InputLocale                *InputLocale                `xml:"InputLocale"`
    SystemLocale               *SystemLocale               `xml:"SystemLocale"`
    UILanguage                 *UILanguage                 `xml:"UILanguage"`
    UILanguageFallback         *UILanguageFallback         `xml:"UILanguageFallback"`
    DiskConfiguration          *DiskConfiguration          `xml:"DiskConfiguration,omitempty"`
    ImageInstall               *ImageInstall               `xml:"ImageInstall,omitempty"`
    UserData                   *UserData                   `xml:"UserData,omitempty"`
    EnableLUA                  *EnableLUA                  `xml:"EnableLUA,omitempty"`
    SkipRearm                  *SkipRearm                  `xml:"SkipRearm,omitempty"`
    ProductKey                 *ProductKey                 `xml:"ProductKey,omitempty"`
    ComputerName               *ComputerName               `xml:"ComputerName,omitempty"`
    SkipAutoActivation         *SkipAutoActivation         `xml:"SkipAutoActivation,omitempty"`
    CEIPEnabled                *CEIPEnabled                `xml:"CEIPEnabled,omitempty"`
    AutoLogon                  *AutoLogon                  `xml:"AutoLogon,omitempty"`
    OOBE                       *OOBE                       `xml:"OOBE,omitempty"`
    UserAccounts               *UserAccounts               `xml:"UserAccounts"`
    RegisteredOrganization     *RegisteredOrganization     `xml:"RegisteredOrganization,omitempty"`
    RegisteredOwner            *RegisteredOwner            `xml:"RegisteredOwner,omitempty"`
    DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet *DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet `xml:"DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet,omitempty"`
    FirstLogonCommands         *FirstLogonCommands         `xml:"FirstLogonCommands,omitempty"`
    TimeZone                   *TimeZone                   `xml:"TimeZone,omitempty"`
}

type Settings struct {
    XMLName    xml.Name     `xml:"settings"`
    Pass       string       `xml:"pass,attr"`
    Components []*Component `xml:"component"`
}

type Unattend struct {
    XMLName  xml.Name    `xml:"unattend"`
    XMLNS    xml.Attr    `xml:"xmlns,attr"`
    Settings []*Settings `xml:"settings"`
}

正确答案

xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi 并不是真正的属性，它们是经过特殊处理的。您的 xml 既没有 wcm 和 xsi 架构中的元素也没有属性，因此它们将被删除。为什么你的代码中需要它们？

如果您确实需要它们，您可以将以下字段添加到 component 结构中：

attr                  []xml.attr `xml:",any,attr"`

xml.Unmarshal documentation says：

如果 xml 元素具有先前规则未处理的属性，并且结构体具有包含“,any,attr”的关联标记的字段，则 unmarshal 会在第一个此类字段中记录该属性值。

这里是一个例子：https://go.dev/play/p/tGDh5Ay1kZW

func main() {
    var u unattend
    err := xml.unmarshal([]byte(document), &u)
    if err != nil {
        log.fatal(err)
    }
    for _, a := range u.settings[0].components[0].attr {
        fmt.printf("unmatched attributes: %s:%s = %s\n", a.name.space, a.name.local, a.value)
    }
}

输出：

unmatched attributes: xmlns:wcm = http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state
unmatched attributes: xmlns:xsi = http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance

注意 1。此解决方案的缺点是：它仅处理中的额外属性。但 xmlns:xxx 属性可以出现在任何元素中。一般情况下，您应该在数据模型的所有结构中添加 attr 数组。

注2.属性xmlns:wcm和xmlns:xsi不包含任何业务逻辑。他们没有提供有关设置和组件的信息。你真的需要它们吗？

注释 3. 绝对不需要将这些属性命名为 xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi。这只是一种常见的做法。 xml 文档可以将它们命名为 xmlns:foo 和 xmlns:bar - 这是完全有效的。即使值 "http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state" 和 "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 也没有任何意义。它们可以是任何字符串，唯一的要求是匹配 URI format。 urn:microsoft:wmi-config:2002:state 与 http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state 一样有效

解析 component 中的这些属性非常具体，对于在其他元素中或使用其他后缀或值声明这些属性的其他有效 xml 文档可能会失败。

更新

编组工作未按预期进行。 xml.marshal 专门处理 xmlns 命名空间，并将 attr 的 xmlns:wcm 和 xmlns:xsi 转换为命名空间 _xmlns

<component name="microsoft-windows-security-spp" processorarchitecture="amd64" publickeytoken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionscope="nonsxs" xmlns:_xmlns="xmlns" _xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wmiconfig/2002/state" _xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance">
...
</component>

解决方法是对属性使用特殊类型：

type xmlnsattr struct {
    name  xml.name
    value string
}

func (a xmlnsattr) label() string {
    if a.name.space == "" {
        return a.name.local
    }
    if a.name.local == "" {
        return a.name.space
    }
    return a.name.space + ":" + a.name.local
}

func (a *xmlnsattr) unmarshalxmlattr(attr xml.attr) error {
    a.name = attr.name
    a.value = attr.value
    return nil
}

func (a xmlnsattr) marshalxmlattr(name xml.name) (xml.attr, error) {
    return xml.attr{
        name: xml.name{
            space: "",
            local: a.label(),
        },
        value: a.value,
    }, nil
}

此类型通过构造一个属性并将命名空间嵌入到本地名称中来实现这一点。领域

    attr                  []xml.attr `xml:",any,attr"`

正确解码/编码 xmlns:xxx 属性

示例：https://go.dev/play/p/VDofREl5nf1

输出：

Unmatched attributes: xmlns:wcm = http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State
Unmatched attributes: xmlns:xsi = http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
<unattend>
  <settings pass="windowsPE">
    <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
        ...
    </component>
    ...
  </settings>
</unattend>

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