Java自定义异常如何传递额外信息

public class BusinessException extends Exception {
    private String errorCode;
    private long timestamp;

    public BusinessException(String message, String errorCode) {
        super(message);
        this.errorCode = errorCode;
        this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public String getErrorCode() {
        return errorCode;
    }

    public long getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }
}

public void processOrder(String orderId) throws BusinessException {
    if (orderId == null || orderId.isEmpty()) {
        throw new BusinessException("订单ID不能为空", "ORDER_001");
    }
    // 其他处理逻辑
}

try {
    processOrder("");
} catch (BusinessException e) {
    System.out.println("错误信息: " + e.getMessage());
    System.out.println("错误码: " + e.getErrorCode());
    System.out.println("发生时间: " + e.getTimestamp());
}

public BusinessException(String message, String errorCode, String userId) {
    super(message);
    this.errorCode = errorCode;
    this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    this.userId = userId;
}

private Map metadata = new HashMap();

public void addMetadata(String key, Object value) {
    metadata.put(key, value);
}

public Object getMetadata(String key) {
    return metadata.get(key);
}