MyCat简单使用与配置

在数据库实战开发的过程中，我们经常会遇到一些这样那样的问题，然后要卡好半天，等问题解决了才发现原来一些细节知识点还是没有掌握好。今天golang学习网就整理分享《MyCat简单使用与配置》，聊聊MySQL、Java、Mycat，希望可以帮助到正在努力赚钱的你。

基本配置

• 1 . 在

  <?xml version="1.0"?><schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><!-- 定义一个MyCat的模式，逻辑数据库名称TestDB --><!-- “checkSQLschema”：描述的是当前的连接是否需要检测数据库的模式 --><!-- “sqlMaxLimit”：表示返回的最大的数据量的行数 --><!-- “dataNode="dn1"”：该操作使用的数据节点是dn1的逻辑名称 --><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn1"></schema><!-- 定义数据的操作节点 --><!-- “dataHost="localhost1"”：定义数据节点的逻辑名称 --><!-- “database="mldn"”：定义数据节点要使用的数据库名称 --><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="mldn"></datanode><!-- 定义数据节点，包括了各种逻辑项的配置 --><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="0" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><!-- 配置真实MySQL与MyCat的心跳 --><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><!-- 配置真实的MySQL的连接路径 --><writehost host="hostM1" url="192.168.1.128:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

  • 2 .

    GRANT REPLICCATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'sync_user'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
    flush privileges;

    • 6 . SLAVE修改MySQL配置文件

      change master to master_host='192.168.1.128',master_user='sync_user',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin-1.000001',master_log_pos=435 ;

      Slave_IO_Running:YES
      Slave_SQL_Running:Yes

      二. MyCat读写分离配置

      • 1 . 修改MyCat的

        <?xml version="1.0"?><schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><!-- 定义一个MyCat的模式，逻辑数据库名称TestDB --><!-- “checkSQLschema”：描述的是当前的连接是否需要检测数据库的模式 --><!-- “sqlMaxLimit”：表示返回的最大的数据量的行数 --><!-- “dataNode="dn1"”：该操作使用的数据节点是dn1的逻辑名称 --><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn1"></schema><!-- 定义个数据的操作节点，以后这个节点会进行一些库表分离使用 --><!-- “dataHost="localhost1"”：定义数据节点的逻辑名称 --><!-- “database="test"”：定义数据节点要使用的数据库名称 --><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="test"></datanode><!-- 定义数据节点，包括了各种逻辑项的配置 --><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="0" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><!-- 配置真实MySQL与MyCat的心跳 --><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><!-- 配置真实的MySQL的连接路径 --><writehost host="hostMaster" url="192.168.1.196:3306" user="root" password="123456"><readhost host="hostSlave" url="192.168.1.168:3306" user="root" password="123456"></readhost></writehost></datahost></schema>

        • 2 . 对于读写分离的配置中：设置readHost读取：

          <?xml version="1.0"?><schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB1" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn1"></schema><schema name="TESTDB2" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn2"></schema><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1"></datanode><datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost2" database="db2"></datanode><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host1" url="192.168.1.199:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost2" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host2" url="192.168.1.166:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

          • 3 . 修改MyCat用户配置文件，将多个数据库配置到

            <property name="schemas">TESTDB1,TESTDB2</property>

            • 4 . 启动MyCat服务

              <schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100"><table name="dict" primarykey="did" type="global" datanode="dn1,dn2"></table></schema><schema name="TESTDB1" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn1"></schema><schema name="TESTDB2" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100" datanode="dn2"></schema><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1"></datanode><datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost2" database="db2"></datanode><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host1" url="192.168.1.199:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost2" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host2" url="192.168.1.166:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

              • 4 . 修改MyCat的用户配置文件

                <property name="schemas">TESTDB1,TESTDB2,TESTDB</property>

                • 5 . 启动MyCat服务

                  <tablerule name="my-mod-long"><rule><columns>id</columns><algorithm>mod-long</algorithm></rule></tablerule><function name="my-mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"><property name="count">3</property><!--求模取余的数--></function>

                  • <schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100"><table name="data" primarykey="id" datanode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="my-mod-long"></table></schema><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1"></datanode><datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost2" database="db2"></datanode><datanode name="dn3" datahost="localhost3" database="db3"></datanode><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host1" url="192.168.1.199:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost2" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host2" url="192.168.1.166:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost3" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host3" url="192.168.1.176:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

                    • <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>

                      • 启动MyCat服务

                        <tablerule name="my-auto-sharding-long"><rule><columns>id</columns><algorithm>my-auto-sharding-long</algorithm></rule></tablerule><function name="my-auto-sharding-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"><property name="mapFile">partition-long.txt</property><!--范围规则文件--></function>

                        • C . Hash分库

                          • Hash分库指的是根据某个字段的的固定内容进行分片，例如：根据省份分片，根据城市分片,一般进行Hash分片处理的，都要有一些固定的值进行匹配

                          • <tablerule name="my-by-intfile"><rule><columns>title</columns><algorithm>my-hash-int</algorithm></rule></tablerule><function name="my-hash-int" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">1<!--0表示数字型分片，1表示字符串分片-->
                                    <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property><!--Hash规则文件--></function>

                            • D . 按月分库

                              • 每个月存入每个月单独的数据库中

                              • <tablerule name="my-by-month"><rule><columns>saledate</columns><algorithm>my-partbymonth</algorithm></rule></tablerule><function name="my-partbymonth" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">yyyy-MM-dd
                                        <property name="sBeginDate">2017-01-01</property></function>

                                <schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100"><!--使用$表示通配符--><table name="data" primarykey="id" datanode="dn$1-12" rule="my-by-month"></table></schema><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1"></datanode><datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost2" database="db2"></datanode><datanode name="dn3" datahost="localhost3" database="db3"></datanode><datanode name="dn4" datahost="localhost4" database="db4"></datanode><datanode name="dn5" datahost="localhost5" database="db5"></datanode><datanode name="dn6" datahost="localhost6" database="db6"></datanode><datanode name="dn7" datahost="localhost7" database="db7"></datanode><datanode name="dn8" datahost="localhost8" database="db8"></datanode><datanode name="dn9" datahost="localhost9" database="db9"></datanode><datanode name="dn10" datahost="localhost10" database="db10"></datanode><datanode name="dn11" datahost="localhost11" database="db11"></datanode><datanode name="dn12" datahost="localhost12" database="db12"></datanode><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host1" url="192.168.1.166:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost2" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host2" url="192.168.1.199:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost3" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host3" url="192.168.1.116:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost4" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host4" url="192.168.1.150:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost5" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host5" url="192.168.1.152:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost6" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host6" url="192.168.1.177:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost7" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host7" url="192.168.1.136:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost8" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host8" url="192.168.1.153:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost9" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host9" url="192.168.1.159:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost10" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host10" url="192.168.1.176:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost11" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host11" url="192.168.1.156:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost12" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host12" url="192.168.1.136:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

                                • E . ER模型分库

                                  • 根据数据库的ER模型进行分库，即进行多表关联分库管理

                                  • <schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100"><!--此处表示父表与子表的相互关联--><table name="data" primarykey="id" datanode="dn$1-3" rule="my-mod-long"><childtable name="data_details" joinkey="id" primarykey="ddid" parentkey="id"></childtable></table></schema><datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1"></datanode><datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost2" database="db2"></datanode><datanode name="dn3" datahost="localhost3" database="db3"></datanode><datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host1" url="192.168.122.166:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost2" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host2" url="192.168.122.199:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost><datahost name="localhost3" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="2" writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writehost host="host3" url="192.168.122.198:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writehost></datahost></schema>

                                    • F . 自定义分库规则

                                      • 分布式数据库系统中，分片规则用于定义数据与分片的路由关系，也就是 insert，delete，update，select 的基本 sql 操作中，如何将 sql 路由到对应的分片执行。
                                        Mycat 的总体路由图为:

                                    
                                    
                                    

                                    - 官方案例分析：

                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    

                                    今天关于《MyCat简单使用与配置》的内容介绍就到此结束，如果有什么疑问或者建议，可以在golang学习网公众号下多多回复交流；文中若有不正之处，也希望回复留言以告知！