CentOS 7 下编译安装 MySQL-5.7.21

积累知识，胜过积蓄金银！毕竟在##column_title##开发的过程中，会遇到各种各样的问题，往往都是一些细节知识点还没有掌握好而导致的，因此基础知识点的积累是很重要的。下面本文《CentOS 7 下编译安装 MySQL-5.7.21》，就带大家讲解一下MySQL、Linux、centos知识点，若是你对本文感兴趣，或者是想搞懂其中某个知识点，就请你继续往下看吧~

系统环境

操作系统： CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
MySQL版本： MySQL-5.7.21

1. 安装前的准备

• 编译安装MySQL需要一些必备的组件，可以直接使用yum安装即可

  yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel gcc-c++ 

• 创建 Mysql用户

  useradd mysql

• 分别给mysql创建程序安装目录和数据存储目录，这里将mysql安装在/opt下，数据存储在 /data/mysql下

  mkdir /opt/mysql-5.7.21
  mkdir /data/mysql/{log,data} -p 

• 到官网下载MySQL的安装包并解压, 为了能使用mysql用户编译安装，下载和解压要使用mysql用户，否则解压完后还需要手动改变源码的属主权限，才能使mysql用户有权限执行编译安装

  

  wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
  tar xf mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz

2.开始编译安装

• MySQL常见编译参数

  参数	说明
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=dir_name	基础的文件夹，对应mysqld的--basedir参数
  -DINSTALL_BINDIR=dir_name	bin目录位置
  -DINSTALL_DOCDIR=dir_name	文档目录位置
  -DINSTALL_DOCREADMEDIR=dir_name	Readme文件位置
  -DINSTALL_INCLUDEDIR=dir_name	Include目录位置
  -DINSTALL_LAYOUT=name	布局选项，包括Standalone、RPM、SRV4、DEB
  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=dir_name	数据存放目录
  -DSYSCONFDIR=dir_name	默认配置my.cnf目录

• 进入mysql目录，开始编译

  cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql-5.7.21 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql-5.7.21/conf -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DWITH_SSL=yes -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/opt/mysql-5.7.21

  

• 编译成功，执行安装

  make install

3.安装后的工作

• 在

  /opt/mysql-5.7.21

  目录下创建

  conf

  目录，并将源码包中的mysql默认配制文件拷贝至其中

  mkdir /opt/mysql-5.7.21/conf/
  cp  packaging/rpm-common/my.cnf  /opt/mysql-5.7.21/conf/

• 初始化mysql

   ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql-5.7.21/conf/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize-insecure --collation-server=utf8_general_ci --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

  2018-02-12T06:48:25.794971Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
  2018-02-12T06:48:25.858793Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
  2018-02-12T06:48:25.915154Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b9bda646-0fc0-11e8-b0a0-5254005cdf47.
  2018-02-12T06:48:25.916131Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
  2018-02-12T06:48:26.297824Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
  2018-02-12T06:48:26.420848Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
  

• 修改mysql配制并创建 mysql log目录

  # For advice on how to change settings please see
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  
  [mysqld]
  #
  # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  #
  # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
  # changes to the binary log between backups.
  # log_bin
  #
  # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  # join_buffer_size = 128M
  # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  datadir=/data/mysql
  socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
  
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  
  log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
  

  mkdir /data/mysql/log

• 添加mysql系统启动脚本

  cp -p support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  /etc/init.d/mysqld start
  

  报错：

   Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/mysqld.pid).

  查看错误日志

  tail /data/mysql/log/mysql
  
  ----------
  
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.615325Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.615416Z 0 [Note] --secure-file-priv is set to NULL. Operations related to importing and exporting data are disabled
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.615453Z 0 [Note] /opt/mysql-5.7.21/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.21) starting as process 24900 ...
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.617334Z 0 [ERROR] COLLATION 'latin1_swedish_ci' is not valid for CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.617368Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
  
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.617389Z 0 [Note] Binlog end
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.617574Z 0 [Note] /opt/mysql-5.7.21/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
  
  2018-02-12T06:58:48.625393Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/mysqld.pid ended
  

  修改 mysql启动脚本，在启动参数中加上 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci 即可

  

• 将mysql添加进系统环境变量中

  vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  
  ----------
  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql-5.7.21/bin
  
  
  ----------

      source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 

• 给mysql的root用户设置密码

  mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

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