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不会看 Explain执行计划，劝你简历别写熟悉 SQL优化

来源：SegmentFault 2023-01-27 14:30:32 0浏览 收藏

小伙伴们有没有觉得学习数据库很有意思？有意思就对了！今天就给大家带来《不会看 Explain执行计划，劝你简历别写熟悉 SQL优化》，以下内容将会涉及到MySQL、Java、explain、简历，若是在学习中对其中部分知识点有疑问，或许看了本文就能帮到你！

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聊着聊着突然说到他上午面试了一个工作6年的程序员，表情挺复杂，他说：我看他简历写着熟悉

mysql> select version() from dual;
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.17-log |
+------------+

我们创建三张表 

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM one o,two t, three r WHERE o.two_id = t.two_id AND t.three_id = r.three_id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref                  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL                 |    2 |      100 | NULL                                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL                 |    2 |       50 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r     | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | xin-slave.t.three_id |    1 |      100 | NULL                                               |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
2、
mysql> EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.two_id = (select t.two_id from two t where t.three_id = (select r.three_id  from three r where r.three_name='我是第三表2'));
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | o     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  3 | SUBQUERY    | r     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

##### 3、以上两种同时存在

将上边的 

mysql>  EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.two_id = (select t.two_id from two t where t.three_id = (select r.three_id  from three r where r.three_name='我是第三表2')) AND o.one_id in(select one_id from one where o.one_name="我是第一表2");
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | o     | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | one   | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | xin-slave.o.one_id |    1 |      100 | Using index |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  3 | SUBQUERY    | r     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+

二、select_type

mysql> EXPLAIN select t.two_name, ( select one.one_id from one) o from (select two_id,two_name from two where two_name ='') t  union (select r.three_name,r.three_id from three r);

+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id   | select_type  | table      | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra           |
+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
|    1 | PRIMARY      | two        | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where     |
|    2 | SUBQUERY     | one        | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    2 |      100 | Using index     |
|    4 | UNION        | r          | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1> | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | Using temporary |
+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+</union1>

三、table

查询的表名，并不一定是真实存在的表，有别名显示别名，也可能为临时表，例如上边的

+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table          | partitions                      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one            | p201801,p201802,p201803,p300012 | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 9       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

五、type

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where three_id=1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
3、eq_ref

mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_name from one o ,two t where o.one_id = t.two_id ; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index  | PRIMARY       | idx_name | 768     | NULL               |    2 |      100 | Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY  | 4       | xin-slave.o.one_id |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
4、ref

mysql> select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" ; 
+--------+
| one_id |
+--------+
|      1 |
|      3 |
+--------+

mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" ; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ref  | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | const |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
5、ref_or_null

mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" OR o.one_name IS NULL; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ref_or_null | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | const |    3 |      100 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
6、index_merge

mysql> EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.one_id >1 and o.one_name ='xin'; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys    | key              | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index_merge | PRIMARY,idx_name | idx_name,PRIMARY | 772,4   | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using intersect(idx_name,PRIMARY); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
7、unique_subquery

value IN (SELECT primary_key FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
8、index_subquery

value IN (SELECT key_column FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
9、range

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where three_id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | range | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

从结果中看到只有对设置了索引的字段，做范围检索 

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where user_id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
10、index

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT three_id from three ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
11、ALL

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from two ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | two   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+

六、possible_keys

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+

十一、filtered

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key        | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | index | NULL          | idx_two_id | 5       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

注意：想要使用到覆盖索引，我们在 

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from one ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
2、Using where

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one where create_time ='2020-05-18';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
3、Using temporary

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one where one_id in (1,2) group by one_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | range| NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
4、Using filesort

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one  ORDER BY create_time;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+

如果

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one  ORDER BY one_id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
5、Using join buffer

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one o,two t where o.one_name = t.two_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref                  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | NULL                 |    3 |      100 | Using where; Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ref   | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | xin-slave.o.one_name |    1 |      100 | Using index              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+

接下来删掉 连接条件 

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one o,two t where o.one_name = t.two_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL                                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
6、Impossible where

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one WHERE 1=2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra            |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | Impossible WHERE |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
7、No tables used

mysql> EXPLAIN select now();
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | No tables used |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+

Extra
列的信息非常非常多，这里就不再一一列举了，详见 
MySQL
官方文档 ：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/ref...
在这里插入图片描述

总结

上边只是简单介绍了下 

Explain
执行计划各个列的含义，了解它不仅仅是要应付面试，在实际开发中也经常会用到。比如对慢
SQL
进行分析，如果连执行计划结果都不会看，那还谈什么
SQL
优化呢？

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到这里，我们也就讲完了《不会看 Explain执行计划，劝你简历别写熟悉 SQL优化》的内容了。个人认为，基础知识的学习和巩固，是为了更好的将其运用到项目中，欢迎关注golang学习网公众号，带你了解更多关于mysql的知识点！

mysql MySQL Java explain 简历
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