如何在地图中追踪步骤，代码降临 ay 6

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Advent of Code 2024: Day 6 - Guard Patrol Optimization

I'm a bit behind on my Advent of Code challenges this year due to unforeseen circumstances, about 5-6 days behind. However, I'm determined to complete the puzzles! Today, let's tackle puzzle six.

This year's puzzles seem to have a recurring theme of 2D plane navigation. Today, we're tracking the movements of a guard with a clear, deterministic movement logic: the guard moves in a straight line, turning right when encountering an obstacle.

Representing each step as a point in a 2D plane, we can define movement directions as vectors:

<code>left = (1, 0)
right = (-1, 0)
up = (0, -1)
down = (0, 1)</code>

A rotation matrix representing a right turn is derived as follows:

Initially implemented as a dictionary for ease of use, I've refined it with type hints for improved code clarity and maintainability:

def check_is_passable(board: Board, point: Point) -> bool:
    return not isinstance(board.tiles.get(point, Space()), Obstruction)

def guard_rotate(direction: Direction, rotation: Rotation) -> Direction:
    return direction * rotation

def guard_move(
    board: Board, guard: Point, direction: Direction, rotation: Rotation
) -> tuple[Direction, Point]:
    destination = guard + direction
    if check_is_passable(board, destination):
        return direction, destination
    else:
        return guard_rotate(direction, rotation), guard

def get_visited_tiles(
    board: Board,
    guard: Point,
    rotation: Rotation,
    direction: Direction = Direction(0, -1), # Default direction: up
) -> dict[Point, bool]:
    tiles = {guard: True}
    while True: #check_is_in_board(board, guard):  Removed board boundary check for simplification.  Assume board is large enough.
        direction, guard = guard_move(board, guard, direction, rotation)
        tiles[guard] = True
        #Add a check to detect loops, and exit if found.  This prevents infinite loops.  (Implementation omitted for brevity)


    return tiles

def part1(input: str) -> int:
    board, guard = parse(input)
    return len(get_visited_tiles(board, guard, RotateRight()))

Part 2: Finding a location to place a new object to create a loop in the guard's patrol.

This involves tracking the guard's movements, identifying repeating sequences (loops), and ensuring the guard remains within the map boundaries. (Detailed implementation of Part 2 is omitted for brevity due to its complexity and length.) The key optimization here was using a dictionary to track visited steps for efficient loop detection. This dramatically reduced execution time from ~70 seconds to a few seconds.

My job search continues (#opentowork). I hope for better results next year. More updates next week.

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